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Autodesk autocad 2016 pdf free download
When I OLE object the. It only takes like one corner of the pdf. I do not know how to scale this down, I am just trying to delineate a watershed on a topo map. So if you have a better option for creating a BMP from a pdf then that could be useful as well. Go to Solution. Solved by Alfred. Solved by Emmsleys. I want to just see the pdf as an image in the.
Scot A bullied individual has an intellectual suasion a bully can never posess. You can trace on top of the attached PDF and as additional advantage: you can use object snaps if your PDF contains vectors. Also select the PDF and see the option you have in the ribbon Were you able to try the suggestions made? If you still need assistance post back with what you have tried and what didn’t work and the community and myself will be happy to assist. None of these suggestions worked for me.
I am having the same issue when trying to attach a 30×42 multipage pdf, it shows up as a skinny rectangle 30×5. Zooming in and out makes the attachment jump within the boundary, lose its scale and is unusable.
I experimented a little, and attaching the 1st page of the PDF is successful. Any page after does notwork. I’m having an issue with inserting a pdf into Autocad I’m inserting via attach as pdf underlay, but when it is in the model the quality and colours are all off, see attached image.
There is no improvement after scaling. I have tried other pdfs and I’m having this issue with all of them. I don’t have this issue when inserting jpegs also via attach. Any advice on this would be great, I need the map to trace over and therefore the quality is important. Thank you for the reply. I have turned off hardware acceleration and still no luck, no improvement in the original attached pdf.
I also tried attaching a new pdf with hardware acceleration off and the problem is the same. Thank you for your help Alfred, unfortunately still no improvement. This has to be something to do with Autocad as the same distorted quality and colours is happening no matter what pdf I insert. The same thing happens after closing and reopening the programme, as well as in other project files.
Any other suggestions and help would be fantastic, really need to work this out and I’m stuck! And sorry, should have asked that before AutoCAD Forum. Turn on suggestions. Auto-suggest helps you quickly narrow down your search results by suggesting possible matches as you type. Showing results for. Search instead for. Did you mean:. This page has been translated for your convenience with an automatic translation service. This is not an official translation and may contain errors and inaccurate translations.
Autodesk does not warrant, either expressly or implied, the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information translated by the machine translation service and will not be liable for damages or losses caused by the trust placed in the translation service.
Back to Topic Listing Previous Next. Message 1 of I want to be able to see the whole. Message 2 of CDay not an Autodesk consultant. Message 3 of This worked, but didnt completely attach like a normal pdf file. Message 4 of Sarah Emmsley Technical Support Specialist.
Message 5 of As an alternate to Alfred’s suggestion Drag and drop the PDF. Indicate page number as required. Another tried and true method from back in the day : Insert PDF into a blank drawing. This becomes the source DWG. From there you can scale, move, rotate, clip, etc. Message 6 of What is your meaning with “didnt completely attach like a normal pdf file”.
Message 7 of I have object snaps on but my file is operating as one large block. Id really like to chop it in half, or trim by a rectangular boundary to speed up my computers speed time. Its fairly slow. Is that possible? Message 8 of Message 9 of Hi rugglesn , Were you able to try the suggestions made?
Message 10 of Message 11 of Hello, I’m having an issue with inserting a pdf into Autocad Message 12 of Message 13 of Message 14 of Message 15 of Message 16 of Message 17 of Here’s the pdf I want to insert. Preview file. Message 18 of Message 19 of Message 20 of Post Reply. Share this discussion:.
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The www. This particular selection includes the stair arrows, handrails, and three lines representing stair treads near the break lines. Type R for Remove and press Enter. Whatever the green window crosses is selected. The crossing selection removes the handrail and two of the stair treads because the selection was made at the Remove objects: prompt.
Click point A and then point B, as shown in Figure 4. This implied window selects the short line segment trapped in the break line and removes it from the selection set. Type A for Add and press Enter. Click both of the break lines to add them to the selection set.
All of Objective the break line segments are selected in two clicks because the break lines are polylines. Hold Shift and click the break lines again. They are removed from the selection set without being at the Remove objects: prompt. Click point A, as shown in Figure 4. Press the down-arrow key to J expand the dynamic input menu onscreen. Select WPolygon. The related CPolygon option creates a polygonal crossing A window, shown in transparent green. The Fence option allows you to draw a multisegmented line that selects whatever it crosses.
Click points B through H, as shown in Figure 4. Only those objects completely contained within the borders of the blue window will be selected.
Press Enter to make the selection. Square blue dots appear on the selected objects—these are called grips, and you will learn to use them later in this chapter. Press Esc to deselect. Toggle on Ortho mode in the status bar. Without being concerned with measurements or accuracy, draw a line under the word Stairr, a circle around the letter A, and a rectangle around the entire section, in that order see Figure 4.
Select the circle and the line and press Enter. The grips for the circle and line appear; press Esc to deselect. Click the Erase icon on the Modify panel. At the Select objects: prompt, type P for Previous and press Enter. The circle and line are You can select the entire drawing by typing selected because they comprise the set of objects that was selected all at any Select previously.
Press Enter again to delete these objects. Type L for Last and press Enter. The rectangle is selected because it was the www. There can be only one last object. Press Enter again to delete the rectangle. Click the dot at the end of the stair direction line shown in Figure 4. When Selection Cycling is on, you are presented with the Selection dialog box whenever your selection is ambiguous.
Hover the cursor over the items in the list, and each one is highlighted in blue on the drawing canvas. Select the line in the list that highlights the stair direction line as shown in Figure 4. Click this dot. Select one of the vertical tread lines in Stair A by clicking it. Right- click and choose Select Similar from the context menu that appears.
All lines on the same layer are selected; you might have to zoom out to see both stairs see Figure 4. Other object types on the same layer remain unselected because they were not similar enough. Press Esc. Here you can choose criteria to determine which object properties must match in order to be selected by this useful com- mand: Color, Layer, Linetype, Linetype Scale, Lineweight, Plot Style, Object Style, or Name.
Exercise 4. Click the chair that is not in front of a desk to select it. Position the cursor over the selected chair but not over its grip.
Drag the chair while holding down the left mouse button to move it closer to the upper desk; see Figure 4. To position the chair more precisely, click the Move tool on the Modify panel.
Select the chair you just moved in the previous step and press Enter. Click the base point at the midpoint of the front of the chair point A in Figure 4. Click the second point B in Figure 4.
The chair is moved precisely to the midpoint of the desk edge. Press the spacebar to repeat MOVE. Type P and press Enter twice to Objective select the same chair again.
Type D and press Enter once more to choose the Displacement option. Any coordinates you enter are relative to the origin, so typing the symbol is unnecessary. Click the Copy tool on the Modify panel. Select the chair you just moved and press Enter twice. Select the midpoint of the desk point B in Figure 4. Press the spacebar to repeat the previous command, select both desks Objective and chairs with crossing windows but not the low partition between them , and press Enter.
Select point A in Figure 4. Type A and press Enter. Type 3, press Enter, and then click point B in Figure 4. Pan over to the Conference room. Select the Object option by clicking Object on the command prompt. Select the inner-left wall line and watch as the crosshair cursor changes to parallel the angle of the wall see Figure 4. Toggle on Ortho on the status bar if it is not already on.
Type CO for Copy and press Enter. Select the chair that is against the left wall of the Conference room and press Enter. Click an arbitrary base point by clicking in the empty space of the Conference room. Move the cursor down along the direction of the wall and click the Array option. The command prompt reads as follows: Enter number of items to array: Type 5 and press Enter.
When the spacing looks right see Figure 4. The crosshair cursor returns to its default orientation. Numerically speaking, you typically rotate by degrees or scale by percentages about base points. On the other hand, you can avoid using numbers entirely by choosing the Reference options, which let you rotate or scale selection sets in relation to other objects.
Click the Rotate button on the Modify panel, select the upper lounge chair, and press Enter. Toggle off Ortho and Polar Tracking if it is on in the status bar. Move the cursor around the point, and observe that a rubber-band line connects the base point to your cursor and a ghosted image of the chair is superimposed over the original chair representation.
Move the cursor until the rubber band aligns more or less perpendicularly to the wall behind the chair see Figure 4. Click the chair that you just rotated to select it without issuing an explicit command.
Hold the Ctrl key, and repeatedly press the arrow keys to nudge the selected object a few pixels at a time. Nudge the chair so that it is a similar distance from the wall and the round table as compared to the other armchair in Reception. Press Esc to deselect all. Zoom out and focus on the upper-left quadrant of the building.
Select the furniture group shown in Figure 4. Select midpoint A as the base point, and select midpoint B as the second point. Type RO for Rotate and press Enter. Type L for Last and press Enter twice. Select the same midpoint where the furniture group was attached to the midpoint of the shell window wall as the base point of the rotation. Instead of specifying the reference angle with a number, you will determine the angle interactively.
Type and press Enter to input the base point of the rotation as the base point of the reference angle. Click endpoint A as shown in Figure 4.
Pan over to the upper-right quadrant of the building and zoom in on the oversized round table. Click the Scale icon on the Modify panel, select the circle representing the table, and press Enter. Right-click the Object Snap icon in the status bar and select Center from the context menu.
Click outside the menu to close it and then snap to the center of the circle by hovering over the circle and then moving the cursor to its center and clicking. Toggle on Ortho on the status bar, and move the chairs closer to the table, both horizontally and vertically. Work with Arrays Arrays produce single associative objects, which you can edit at any time to alter the parameters of the array.
You will learn how to create two types of associative arrays: rectangular and polar. Type OB for Object and press Enter. Select the left side of the bottom-left edge of the table in the Small Conference room. Click the Rectangular Array tool on the Modify panel.
Select both chairs on the sides of the conference table and press Enter. Change Columns to 1 and Rows to 5 on the temporary Array Creation tab that appears on the ribbon.
Type 2 f4 72 for metric in the Between text box in the Rows panel and press the Tab key I see Figure 4. Select the Associative toggle in the Properties panel if it is not already blue. Click Close Array on the ribbon. Select one of the new chairs and observe that all the arrayed chairs are selected as a unit. Click Close Array. Type UCS and press Enter twice to return to the world coordinate system.
Type AR for Array and press Enter. Type PO for Polar and press Enter. Type 12 in the Items text box on the ribbon and press Tab. The table is a bit too large. Click the circle to select the table.
Type 4 f6 or for metric to set a new radius. Press Enter and then Esc. Click any one of the chairs to select the polar array. Hover the cursor over the base point grip and choose Stretch Radius see Figure 4.
Type 5f9 or for metric ; then press Enter and Esc. The chairs more closely wrap around the smaller table. Instead, these com- mands are used for arraying points. Click the Extend tool on the Modify panel it is nested under Trim. Select the inner line of the bottom core wall and press Enter. Create a crossing window by clicking points A and B, as shown in This line will be the boundary edge that Figure 4. Four tread lines are extended. Click each remaining you will extend the tread line, one at a time, to extend all the stair treads to the core wall.
Press Enter to end the command. Type TR for Trim and press Enter. Select the upper and lower handrail lines to act as cutting edges and press Enter. Make a narrow crossing window in the center of the handrail to trim away all the treads that pass through the handrails and press Enter. Type EX for Extend and press Enter. Hold Shift and click each one of the treads passing through the handrail. Type and press Enter. Click the line segment on the right side of the incomplete copy machine to lengthen it toward the right.
Type S for Stretch and press Enter. Click points A and B as shown in Figure 4. Toggle on Ortho if it is not already on. Click a base point off to the right side of the door opening, well away from the geometry so that you do not inadvertently snap to anything. Move the cursor down www. The wall, door, and swing end up more or less centered on the wall. Click the Offset tool on the Modify panel.
Select the elliptical arc at the bottom edge of the Copy Room. The command line asks you to specify a point to determine on which side of the selection to offset the new object. In this case, click anywhere above the elliptical arc, and a new ellipse is created such that its curvature matches the original but is spaced a set distance away.
Press Esc to exit the command. Type F for Fillet , press Enter, and click the new elliptical arc and the inner line of the adjacent vertical wall on the right. Press the spacebar to repeat the FILLET command and click the elliptical arc and inner line of the adjacent vertical wall on the left. The intersections between the wall objects are cleaned up see Figure 4.
Zoom into the furniture system that is missing two desks in the upper-right quadrant of the building. Click the Mirror tool on the Modify panel. Make crossing and individual line selections to select the desks and chairs shown in Figure 4.
The command line reads as follows: Specify first point of mirror line: Click point A, and then move the cursor up and click point B to draw the mirror line. Double-click the mouse wheel to zoom to the drawing extents. Select the furniture system indicated in Figure 4. The origin point is at Mirror a copy here. Select this group. Press Enter to complete the command and decline to erase the source object by pressing Enter again. Select the inner line of the window wall directly below the sofas, right-click, and choose Properties from the context menu.
Make a note that the Angle property of this line is Click both sofas and the coffee table in between them to select all three.
Click the grip in the center of the coffee table to activate it and turn it red. Press the spacebar again. Type ‘CAL to invoke the command-line calculator transparently. Type Negative angles rotate 6. You learned several methods for selecting objects so they can be edited with these commands. In addition, you learned how to edit objects directly, without issuing commands, by editing with grips.
You can also create splines that seamlessly blend between existing straight or curved objects while maintaining smooth or tangent continuity. Exercise 5. Figure 5. Click the Polyline tool on the Draw panel of the ribbon. Type A for Arc and press Enter. Toggle off Ortho and Polar Tracking modes if they are on. Observe that the arc you are drawing by default opposes the natural curvature of the lake see Figure 5.
Type S for Second Point and press Enter. Click point B shown in I Figure 5. Right-click the Object Snap toggle in the status bar and turn on Node and Endpoint in the menu. Toggle off any other snap options that are selected. Toggle on Object Snap if it is off. Click each subsequent node around the left half of the lake until you By turning on Node reach point C in Figure 5. Press the spacebar to repeat the last command. Click point D shown in Figure 5.
Click each subsequent node around the right side of the lake until I you reach point E in Figure 5. Press Enter. Click the Offset tool in the Modify panel. Type 6 f or 2 for metric to guide you in the and press Enter. Click the left polyline you drew around the lake in exercise. Click the right polyline and click outside the lake. Click necessary when drawing the outer arc surrounding the pentagonal structure and then click curves on your own.
Click the Trim tool in the Modify panel. Press Enter to select all objects as potential cutting edges, and click the portions of the arcs that overlap in the top highlighted area in Figure 5. Zoom into the lower highlighted area, and trim the arcs at their tips so that they meet at their endpoints. Pan to the building at the bottom of the lake.
Click the lower-left Objective polyline to select it. Click the endpoint grip, move it down a short distance, and click again see Figure 5. Press Esc and then click the Undo button in the Quick Access toolbar.
Click the Arc tool in the Draw panel, hold down Shift and right-click, and choose Nearest from the context menu. Click points A, B, and C in Figure 5. Press Enter twice to end and restart the ARC command. Type J for Join and press Enter. Press Enter, and the command line reads as follows: 14 segments joined into 1 polyline There are 14 segments if you include all the arcs that make up the two polylines. You are left with a single polyline marking the outer edge of the path.
Press the spacebar to repeat the JOIN command. Select the three objects along the inner edge of the path, which includes two polylines and the arc above the pentagon.
Press Enter, and multiple segments are joined into one polyline see Figure 5. The streamlined collinear lines even if there is a gap between JOIN command makes the older workflow unnecessary. Use it on lines, 2D and them. The resulting object type depends on what was selected. Instead of stretching a cord from two pins to a moving pencil point which is how you draw an ellipse by hand , in AutoCAD you specify the lengths of its major and minor axes see Figure 5. J The center of an ellipse Minor axis Center is the intersection of its major and minor axes.
Begin by opening Ex Zoom into the area in the lower left where the remaining point objects are located. The size of point objects is recalculated when the drawing is regenerated. Open the Ellipse menu in the Draw panel and choose the Center Objective method. Click the center point, the end of the major axis, and the end of the minor axis, shown in Figure 5.
Expand the Modify panel and click the Break button. Select the ellipse. Every ellipse has four quadrant points 5. Right-click the Object Snap toggle in the status bar, and select corresponding to the Quadrant from the context menu. Click the quadrant point opposite cardinal directions: the point object marking the end of the major axis see Figure 5. The lower half of the ellipse remains, leaving an I elliptical arc. Select the elliptical arc.
Press Enter to accept the default when asked if you want to align the block with the selected object. Type 13 for the number of segments and press Enter. Delete the three points used in drawing the ellipse, the elliptical arc itself, and the white circle, which is the original Shrub block.
You deleted the layout geometry and are now left with precisely positioned shrubs. Fortunately, it is easy to switch between CVs and Fit Points editing modes, so you can make up your mind about which method to use to suit the situation. A control frame connects CVs and represents the maximum possible curvature between adjacent CVs. You will now draw a CV spline around the lake.
Continue clicking points all the way around the lake. Click the I spline you just drew to reveal its CVs see Figure 5. Position the cursor over a CV and observe the multifunction grip menu. Select Stretch Vertex, move the cursor, and click to relocate that particular CV. Try adding and removing vertices using the corresponding choices on the multifunction grip menu see Figure 5. Another way to affect the shape of a spline is to adjust the weights of individual CVs.
Vertices with higher 8. Type W for Weight and press Enter. Zoom out until you can see all the vertices, locate the red one, press Enter repeatedly to choose the default option Next , and move the red CV one position at a time until your chosen CV turns red.
The weights you Type 2 and press Enter see Figure 5. The spline will get closer need to enter depend to the red CV and its control frame. Type where you placed the a value appropriate to your particular situation and press Enter. CVs when creating the curve in step 2.
We set a weight of 0. Type X for Exit and press Enter. Type IM for Image and press Enter. Move the pointer horizontally toward right and type-in in the length box.
Press the TAB key and type 0 as angle. Move the pointer vertically upwards and type-in as length. Press the TAB key and type 90 as angle. Move the pointer horizontally toward left and type Press the TAB key and type as angle. Move the pointer vertically downwards and type Click the Close option in the command line.
Save and close the file. Erasing, Undoing and Redoing Draw the sketch similar to the one shown below using the Line tool. This erases the lines. Click the Undo button on the Quick Access Toolbar. This restores the lines. Click the Redo button on the Quick Access Toolbar.
This erases the lines again. Drawing Circles The tools in the Circle drop-down on the Draw panel can be used to draw circles.
There are various methods to create circles. Example 1 Center, Radius In this example, you will create a circle by specifying its center and radius value. Select an arbitrary point in the graphics window to specify the center point.
Example 2 Center, Diameter In this example, you will create a circle by specifying its center and diameter value. Pick a point in the graphics window, which is approximately horizontal to the previous circle. Example 3 2-Point In this example, you will create a circle by specifying two points. The first point is to specify the location of the circle and the second defines the diameter.
Click down arrow next to the Object Snap icon on the status bar. A flyout appears. The options in this flyout are called Object Snaps. You will learn about these Object Snaps later in Chapter 3.
Activate the Center option, if it is not already active. Now, you will create a circle by selecting the center points of the previous circles.
Select the center point of the right side circle; the circle will be created a shown below. Example 4 3-Point In this example, you will create a circle by specifying three points. The circle will pass through these three points. Open a new file.
Use the Line tool and create the drawing shown in figure below. The coordinate points are also given in the figure. Select the three vertices of the triangle; a circle will be created passing through the selected points. Example 5 Tan, Tan, Radius In this example, you will create a circle by selecting two objects, and then specifying the radius of the circle.
This creates a circle tangent to objects. Select the circle passing through the three vertices of the triangle; the radius and diameter values of the circle will be displayed above the command line. Type-in Click the Paste value to command line button on the Quick Calculator; the value Press ENTER to specify the radius; the circle will be created touching all three sides of the triangle.
Example 6 Tan, Tan, Tan In this example, you will create a circle by selecting three objects to which it will be tangent. Browse to the location of Line-example3. Select the bottom horizontal line of the drawing.
Select the two inclined lines. This creates a circle tangent to the selected lines. Drawing Arcs An arc is a portion of a circle. The total angle of an arc will always be less than degrees, whereas the total angle of a circle is degrees. AutoCAD provides you with eleven ways to draw an arc.
You can draw arcs in different ways by using the tools available in the Arcs drop-down of the Draw panel. The usage of these tools will depend on your requirement. Some methods to create arcs are explained in the following examples. Example 1 3-Point In this example, you will create an arc by specifying three points. The arc will pass through these points. Open the Line-example1. Expand the Draw panel in the Home tab and select the Multiple Points tool. This places a point above the rectangle.
Click the down arrow next to the Object Snap icon on the status bar, and then select the Node option from the menu. Select the top left corner of the rectangle. Select the point located above the rectangle. Select the top right corner of the rectangle; the three point arc will be created.
Example 2 Start, Center, End In this example, you will draw an arc by specifying its start, center and end points. The first two points define the radius of the arc and third point defines its included angle. The included angle of the arc is measured in the counter-clockwise direction. Press and hold the Ctrl key, if you want to reverse the direction.
Pick an arbitrary point in the graphics window to define the start point of an arc. Pick a point to define the radius of the circle. You will notice that, as you move the pointer, the included angle of the arc changes. Pick a point to define the included angle of the arc. The dimensions are also given in the figure. Select the start and end points of the arc as shown in figure. Move the pointer vertically downward and click to specify the direction.
Likewise, create another arc. Drawing Polylines A Polyline is a single object that consists of line segments and arcs. It is more versatile than a line as you can assign a width to it. In the following example, you will create a closed polyline. Select an arbitrary point in the graphics window. Move the pointer horizontally toward right and type Select the Arc option from the command line.
Move the pointer vertically upward and type Select the Line option from the command line. Select the CLose option from the command line. Now, when you select a line segment from the sketch, the whole sketch will be selected. This is because the polyline created is a single object. Drawing Rectangles A rectangle is a four sided single object. You can create a rectangle by just specifying its two diagonal corners. However, there are various methods to create a rectangle.
Example 1 In this example, you will create a rectangle by specifying it corner points. Move the pointer diagonally toward right and click to create a rectangle. Example 2 In this example, you will create a rectangle by specifying its length and width. Specify the first corner of the rectangle by picking an arbitrary point in the graphics window. Example 3 In this example, you will create a rectangle by specifying its area and width. Specify the first corner of the rectangle by picking an arbitrary point.
Example 4 In this example, you will create a rectangle with chamfered corners. Example 5 In this example, you will create a rectangle with rounded corners. Example 6 In this example, you will create an inclined rectangle.
Drawing Polygons A Polygon is a single object having many sides ranging from 3 to In AutoCAD, you can create regular polygons having sides with equal length. There are two methods to create a polygon. Example 1 In this example, you will create a polygon by specifying the number of sides, and then specifying the length of one side. Follow the prompt sequence given next. Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Select the Edge option from the command line.
Specify first endpoint of edge: Select an arbitrary point. Example 2 In this example, you will create a polygon by specifying the number of sides, and drawing an imaginary circle inscribed circle.
The polygon will be created with its corners located on the imaginary circle. You can also create a polygon with the circumscribed circle. A circumscribed circle is an imaginary circle which is tangent to all the sides of a polygon. Specify radius of circle: Type 20 and press ENTER; a polygon will be created with its corners touching the imaginary circle. Drawing Splines Splines are non-uniform curves, which are used to create irregular shapes.
These methods are explained in the following examples: Example 1: Spline Fit In this example, you will create a spline using the Spline Fit method. In this method you need to specify various points in the graphics window. The spline will be created passing through the specified points. Start a new drawing file.
Use the Line tool and create a sketch similar to the one shown below. Select the top-left corner point of the sketch. Similarly, select the top-right and lower-right corners; a spline will be attached to the pointer. In this method, you will specify various points called control vertices. As you specify the control vertices, imaginary lines are created connecting them.
The spline will be drawn tangent to these lines. Select the four corners of the sketch in the same sequence as in the earlier example. Example 2: Create a polyline, as shown. Activate the Spline CV button. Select Object from the command line. Select the polyline and press Enter.
Drawing Ellipses Ellipses are also non-uniform curves, but they have a regular shape. They are actually splines created in a regular closed shape. In AuoCAD, you can draw an ellipse in three different ways by using the tools available in the Ellipse drop-down of the Draw panel. The three different ways to draw ellipses are explained in following examples.
Example 1 Center In this example, you will draw an ellipse by specifying three points. The first point defines the center of the ellipse. Second and third points define the two axes of the ellipse. Move the pointer horizontally and type Example 2 Axis, End In this example, you will draw an ellipse by specifying three points. The first two points define the location and length of the first axis. The third point defines the second axis of the ellipse.
Activate the Dynamic Input on the status bar, if it is not active. Select an arbitrary point to specify an axis endpoint. Type 50 as length of the first axis and press TAB. Type 10 as radius of the second axis and press ENTER; the ellipse will be created inclined at 60 degree angle. Example 3 Elliptical Arc In this example, you will draw an elliptical arc. To draw an elliptical arc, first you need to define the location and length of the first axis. Next, define the radius of the second axis; an ellipse will be displayed.
Now, you need to define the start angle of the elliptical arc. The start angle can be any angle between 0 and After defining the start angle, you need to specify the end angle of the elliptical arc. Turn on the Ortho Mode on the Status bar. Move the pointer upward and type Most drawing settings can be turned on or off from the status bar.
You can also access additional drawing settings by right-clicking on the button located on the status bar. Setting Grid and Snap Grid is the basic drawing setting.
It makes the graphics window appear like a graph paper. You can turn ON the grid display by clicking the Grid icon on the status bar or just pressing F7 on the keyboard. Snap is used for drawing objects by using the intersection points of the grid lines. When you turn the Snap Mode ON, you will be able select only grid points. In the following example, you will learn to set the grid and snap settings.
The Drafting Settings dialog appears. Click the Snap and Grid tab on the dialog. Set Major line every to Select the Snap On check box. Make sure that Snap X spacing and Snap Y spacing is set to Make sure that the Grid snap option is selected in the Snap type group.
Click OK on the dialog. Activate the Grid icon on the Status Bar. Setting the Limits of a drawing You can set the limits of a drawing by defining its lower-left and top-right corners. By setting Limits of a drawing, you will define the size of the drawing area.
In AutoCAD, limits are set to some default values. However, you can redefine the limits to change the drawing area as per your requirement. Now, you need to define the upper limit.
Setting the Lineweight Line weight is the thickness of the objects that you draw. In AutoCAD, there is a default lineweight assigned to objects. However, you can set a new lineweight. The method to set the lineweight is explained below. On the Status bar, click the Customization option, and then select LineWeight from the flyout. This shows the LineWeight icon on the status bar. The Lineweight Settings dialog appears.
On the Lineweight Settings dialog, select 0. Click OK. Move the pointer horizontally toward right and click on the sixth grid point from the first point. Move the pointer vertically upwards and select the third grid point from the second point. Move the pointer horizontally toward left and select the second grid point from the previous point. Move the pointer vertically downwards and select the grid point next to the previous point. Move the pointer vertically upwards and select the grid point next to the previous point.
Right-click and select Close. Using Ortho mode and Polar Tracking Ortho mode is used to draw orthogonal horizontal or vertical lines. Polar Tracking is used to constrain the lines to angular increments. In the following example, you will create a drawing with the help of Ortho Mode and Polar Tracking. Open a new AutoCAD file. Deactivate the Grid Display and Snap Mode icons on the status bar. Click the Ortho Mode icon on the status bar.
Click Zoom All on the Navigation Bar. Click the Line button on the Draw panel. Select an arbitrary point to define the starting point.
Move the pointer toward right, type and press ENTER; you will notice that a horizontal line is created. Click the Polar Tracking icon on the status bar. Click the down arrow next to the Polar tracking icon, and select 30 from the menu. You will notice a track line at degree increments when you rotate the pointer.
Move the pointer toward left. Move the pointer downward. Using Layers Layers are like a group of transparent sheets that are combined into a complete drawing. The figure below displays a drawing consisting of object lines and dimension lines. The components of the Layer Properties Manager are shown below. The Tree View section is used for displaying layer filters, group, or state information. It lists the individual layers that currently exist in the drawing.
The List View section contains various properties. You can set layer properties and perform various operations in the List View section. A brief explanation of each layer property is given below. Status —Shows a green check when a layer is set to current. Name – Shows the name of the layer.
When a layer is turned on, it shows a yellow light-bulb. When you turn off a layer, it shows a grey light-bulb. Also, the visibility of the object is turned off. Color — It is used to assign a color to the layer.
Linetype — It is used to assign a linetype to the layer. Lineweight — It is used to define the lineweight thickness of objects on the layer. Transparency — It is used to define the transparency of the layer. You set a transparency level from 0 to 90 for all objects on a layer. Plot Style — It is used to override the settings such as color, linetype, and lineweight while plotting a drawing. Plot — It is used to control which layer will be plotted.
New VP Freeze — It is used to create and freeze a layer in any new viewport. Description — It is used to enter a detailed description about the layer. Next, enter the name of the layer in the Name field. Right-click in the Name field and select New Layer from the shortcut menu. Making a layer current If you want to draw objects on a particular layer, then you have to make it current.
You can make a layer current using the methods listed below. Double-click on the Name field of the layer. Right-click on the layer and select Set current. Select the layer from the Layer drop-down of the Layer panel. Click the Make Current button on the Layers panel. Next, select an object; the layer related to the selected object will become current. Deleting a Layer You can delete a layer by using anyone of the following methods: 1.
Right-click in the Name field and select Delete Layer from the shortcut menu. You will learn more about layers in later chapters.
You can find an example related to layers in the Offset tool section of chapter 4. Using Object Snaps Object Snaps are important settings that improve your performance and accuracy while creating a drawing.
They allow you to select keypoints of objects while creating a drawing. You can activate the required Object Snap by using the Object snap shortcut menu. The functions of various Object Snaps are explained next.
Endpoint: Snaps to the endpoints of lines and arcs. Midpoint: Snaps to the midpoint of lines. Nearest: Snaps to the nearest point found along any object. Center: Snaps to the centers of circles and arcs. Geometric Center: Snaps to the center point of a closed geometry created by a single object such as polyline, rectangle or polygon.
Tangent: Snaps to the tangent points of arcs and circles. Quadrant: Snaps to four key points located on a circle. Intersection: Snaps to the intersections of objects.
Apparent Intersection: Snaps to the projected intersection of two objects in 3D space. Perpendicular: Snaps to a perpendicular location on an object.
Node: Snaps to points of dimensions lines, text objects, dimension text and so on. Insert: Snaps to the insertion point of blocks, shapes and text. A new learner would like to learn a few things quickly.
This would encourage him to explore new things and learn further. For this, an additional tutorial type chapter is desirable. It should give step-by-step instruction, without going into the depth of a command, to make a simple mechanical part 2D: Front, Side and Top views, and 3D modelling of the same part.
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